Causes of stress & Anxiety

Internal 

Internal is anything  and everything within you. For example being ill or having health problems . The most internal feature for a type A individual is being a perfectionist. Looking at this i see Yaya toure is a perfectionist who always likes everything perfect.So if he doesnt get a pass correct he will feel frustrated.But being the man he is he will analyse whee he went wrong and work on that element 

External 

External is anything and everything that happens on the outside of a  persons environment .For example a person may react and behave differently in the enviroment they are  in e.g. too noisey , too quite.You may react differently depending who you are if you are in a negative social interactions with other people e.g. Yaya toure is a calm type b individual but if he's around type A individuals he will  become a type A to fit in this comes under the social learning theory , Big events that may happen in someones life can change the behaviour and view of a individual .For example due to yaya toure being black , a lot of racism has been going on within the sporting industry. A fan can be racialy abuse him .Due to this yaya toure can lose self esteem and confidence.

Occupational

Occupational Causes of stress is related to your job or in working environment .  This may losing a passion for our working field  or being unemployed . In a sporting situation, if you disagree with your manager or coach  or even being dropped from your sport .For example due to yaya toure being the starting center mid week in week out one match he may be dropped from the team sheet due to a poor performance at training or previous match.This may leave him depressed and lower his self esteem.

Sport Environments 

Sports personal is the importance of a situation which is taking place. So if the situation is very important your and others expectations are high . For example In big cups for international team and club . more pressure would be built on Yayas shoulders by the press and team mates.He has to perform to the best of his ability and beyond.

Personal 

People who we care about the media, family , friends and their lifestyle can sometimes have a big impact on a athletes performance . This can be a loss in his family which could decrease his confidence and mental state of mind , he could be playing on the pitch as usual but his thoughts are somewhere else , this is due to a lack of concentration .

Arousal theories

what's the definition of arousal

The definition of arousal theory is a sense action and readiness.This really motivates a performer to act or even behave in a energised state.


The drive theory 

The drive theory is a analyses of a psychological drive.If an individual has a very high level of arousal you amount to a high level of performance but i you have a low level of arousal you will most likely have a poor performance. If you don't have a balance of each it may affect you in different way.An example of this is if a type A individual would most likely have a high level this could cause them to not focus on the game and suroundings 

Inverted U theory 

A               Arousal increases your  performance does as well , only to a certain extent . The way this may have a big impact on my athlete positively and negatively is if  you don't have much experience on the pitch  may lose concentration or become anxious, therefore low levels result in optimum performance. However , such low levels of arousal will have no effect on Yaya toure because he,s a professional footballer who performs week in week out , and also  needs much higher levels and challenges  to produce optimum performance . Manchester city vs Arsenal = High levels , Manchester city vs Qpr = Low levelsanchester city vs 

Catastrophe theory 
The catastrophe theory is similar to the Inverted U theory.In the catastrophe theory if you are over aroused your performance will decrease dramatically.However the catastrophe theory has some similarities due to having a link to the arousal theory .Because if your performance decreases its due to a mixture of high cognitive anxiety and a increase of somatic anxiety 






The Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) 

The individual zone is a link between emotional and optimal performance.This can predict the athletes upcoming performance  depending on the emotional state of the individual.A example of this is Yaya toure could be grieving from a loss and may affect his performance.He could be physically there but not there mentally.

SYMPTOMS OF STRESS AND ANXIETY

Cognative anxiety
Cognitive anxiety is triggered in your mind , usually having a flashback or a memory in the past , like breaking your ankle on the pitch last year and your afraid you might brake it again.The most common time this may happen in football is when a player is taking a very important penalty . Even though the goal is big,  the goal will seem smaller to the penalty taker.

Somatitic anxiety
Somatic anxiety is mostly physical symptoms.Like having trouble breathing in tight compact spaces even though your not in a tight space . Somatic anxiety also causes  dizziness, breathing issues and vomiting.This may happen before a big game for your time and your really nervous to play.



Behavioural anxiety

Behavioral anxiety is said to be phrased as 'Fight or flight mode; they mean either yo deal with the situation or you run away from the situation.When this anxiety hits your bodies your behavior and mindset will change , because your heart rate will increase and so does your sweat glands. your behaviour in that situation maybe different compared to a normal day.An example of this is when Yaya toure plays a league game compared a big final where he would take the fans positive vibes and put it into his game.

Stress & Anxiety types

A Defintion of Eustress and an example using your athlete 

Eustress is a good form of stress that can leave you feeling really good about yourself and what you've accomplished. An example for this definition is when Yaya toure is nervous to take a penalty because he's scared he's going to miss , but then he does score and feels good about himself which, this could increase his confidence dramatically.

A definition of distress and an example using your athlete 

Distress is a very bad  form of stress . Stress i a mixture of nervousness , worry, anxiety , ,apprehension. For example if you think negative you will get a negative outcome but if you think positive you are more likely to get a positive outcome . This links to Yaya toure because if hes playing a big team like Chelsea and  he thinks negative thoughts he wont play to the ability he is at due to being nervous but if he feels confident and cant wait to play he will have a positive outcome.

A definition of trait anxiety and an example using your athlete 

Trait anxiety is a personality trait and a part an individuals behaviour and actions .High levels of trait anxiety equals high level of anxiety in any given situation.Due to  Yaya toure  has low level of trait anxiety so hes more of a Type B  individual who's an introvert and takes things as they come .

A definition of state anxiety and an example using your athlete 

A state of anxiety is a temporary ever changing mood state that is an emotionally reaction to life hurdles  .For example if Yaya toure has a big game and he feels very nervous and stressed before a game ,  then feels alright during game . it will only take one mistake before anxiety restarts .Theres two levels of state anxiety:
Cognitive state - The amount you worry this has to do with the brain 
Somatic state - physiological changes , for example feeling cold , sweating as well as shaking.

motivational theories

                                                                           Trait Theory
The trait theory is a combination of quality and  characteristic, mostly belonging to a person: These type of people are judged on their unique personality . A driven individual  who would do anything to succeed where else a Type B individual is more laid back. . Yaya toure is a Type A individual who's  the same person on and off the pitch .

                                                                           Situational

The situational theory is someone who changes their personality when in a certain situation  . For example  Yaya Toure is highly motivated person so he will convey this by increasing his motivation when playing against one of the top teams he would put 100%

                                                                        Ineractional

Interactional is a person who's influenced by their environment and may change  For example Yaya toure needs to play with high motivated athletes who match his personality for him to get along with and play to the best of his ability. If not Yaya toure will feel unhappy and not peform how he usually performs

                                                               Achievement motivation
Achievement Motivation comes from an individual because its up to them how far they want to succeed. The achievement theory breaks up to too parts

NACH (need to achieve)-Driven for feelings of pride and satisfaction and is bound to be a positive thinker.

NAF (need to avoid failure) - Driven to not feel ashamed or humiliated .This can be a person who is most likely to  be a negative thinker 

Looking at the two examples I know Yaya toure is highly motivated  and has a very positive mind-set and due to this hes very successful in his Feld

                                                                   Attribution theory

Attribution theory is a theory to understand the behaviour of others . This includes  feelings, beliefs, and intentions to them.This also has a big impact on the outcome of the situation. The attribution theory comes under 3 parts :


Stable - Taking responsibility - For example yaya toure would blame his team for a poor performance bcause they didn't perform to the best of their ability

Unstable - Making excuses by yaya saying they had a few injuries during the game and if they never had injuries they would of won the game

Internal - You are the reason for outcome - They might of not won the game and Yaya toure agrees he didn't play to his ability and played very poor

External - Your opponent was the reason - The team we played was very good and we couldn't out wit them due to them having a strong squad of players.

controllable - you can control the outcome -  How good he play or even how hard you train throughout his career 

uncontrollable - You can control the outcome - Yaya toure cant control how good the team is and what they are capable of.

What theory links to your athlete and why ?

I believe that achievement motivation links to Yaya toure because hies always been a very high achiever who loves to take on new and bigger challengers  throughout his career.Due to this he  loves playing for manchester city because  they push him to lengths he thought he wouldn't reach.Looking at his personality yaya toure is a Type B and a introvert  , who cares about himself this is good because you can self reflect on the postive and negatives aspects in his life , this will help him perfect his craft.

                                                                     Merit / Distinction 

Does the level  that your athlete performs at influence motivation and if so how and why 

I believe the level Yaya toure is playing at influences him because the English premier league is known as one of the most physical leagues in football as well as the hardest to predict.Yaya toure is always watched by his fans and is a role model to the youth. Therefore he is motivated to not let them down and keep excelling in his craft .However Theres big names in the Premier league , like of Silva , Wilshere , ramires who play in the same role as him and due to this it will  motivate him to train harder and be technically , physically and mentally better then them.

How can your athlete use motivation in a positive way to improve training and performance 

My athlete can use motivation in many different aspect.By this he can always turn up to training with a positive attitude and give 100% in each and every sessions to help improve and perfect his craft,Therefore if this player has a weakness he can push himself until he corrects this error.being positive has a big impact on someone's performance and well - Being 

How can motivation impact your athlete in a negative way during training and performance 

Having a negative mindset can change your actions aswell as your thought pattern .If you have a negative thoughts  you will just end up making mistakes and  end up in negative situations.For example if Yaya toure is playing against a big team like Real madrid who are European Giants , and thinks Manchester city  would beat them due to their form his motivation will decrease and will allow negative thoughts to creep into his thought pattern and will build up.This can lead to a very weak and poor performance from him and also his players.


If your athlete does not make the team for an important match/race  could this have an impact on future training and performance.

Motivation is the only thing that can push athlete to do something . Motivation is  a feeling to achieve a goal for them self.Motivation is very important for an individual to perform well ;However its not just motivation you need. knowledge and skills is needed  to perform at a high standard .Furthermore a person environments has a big impact on their performance. If the athlete doesn't have support or an adviser this may have a big impact on the athlete from a psychological area.  Motivaton isn't the same as being a high performer and isn't the reason why people are successful in their performance , but only a influence on our performance 


How might injury affect the athletes motivation (Positive&Negatives)

Coming back to your sport after an injury can be very hard  . This is because When athletes return they are psychologically  damaged from their past experience and they think it may happen again  .Some  athletes who come back to their sport after a serious injury can experience heightened competitive anxiety, they tend to focus on their injured  area  and struggle to regain their ability they once had  . Due to these negative thoughts and experiences might increase the risk of getting injured again.

How might personal issues affect your athletes motivation  (Positively & Negatively)

Looking at Yayas personality i believe personal issues will not affect him because when he,s on the pitch he is a different man .He,s  professional so when  he,s on the pitch he leaves his personal life of the pitch and does what he has to do on the pitch for his team to win 


Personal issues can affect an athletes motivation positively and negatively .

The negative side to this is if Yaya you're has lost a family member it could decrease his confidence and self esteem . He could be on the pitch physically but mentally somewhere else.However the positive side to this is that he can use that loss as a tribute for them  and perform to the best as your ability.


Does your athlete have a different level of motivation compared  to the other players, non athletes or those from different sports ? if so how and why .

I believe Yaya toure isn't talented but he's a very hard worker , he  goes for what he wants and is always successful. If you compare him to players like Messi . Messi has be crowned as one of the best footballer many times but yaya hasn't , due to Messi winning the balen Dior ( Best Footballer) he's settled at the stage by yaya will always crave for that award so hes extrinsically motivated to get hat awards.  This conveys  two different aspects, Lionel messi is naturally  talented  and yaya is  a hard worker who wants to improve everyday .

Motivation types

  What is intrinsic motivation ?

intrinsic motivation is within an individual .  Intrinsic is an Internal desires to complete a task , people do  Certain activities because it gives them pleasure and they can lear a lot of things from it . 

What is a example of intrinsic motivation 
An example of a intrinsic motivation is if a person has tried to attempt a skill in football for so long and they finally achieve this skill . Due to this they feel very happy and gain a lot of confidence 

 What is extrinsic motivation ?
 Extrinsic motivation occur when we are motivated to perform a behavior or engage in an activity in order to earn a reward or avoid a punishment. Theirs tangible and intangible rewards .Tanagible is something you can physically touch and see for example Yaya toure works hard all season to win a trophy or medals at the end of the season. Intangible reward is a feeling a person has within them and feeling proud of themselves.This reward will occur if yaya toure feels hes improved dramatically.


What are examples of extrinsic motivation 
An example for extrinsic motivation is participating in a sport in order to win awards, For example in yay tours position he's playing to win the Barclays premier league and other trophies.

Is your athlete intrinsically or extrinsically motivated and how might this impact their sports performance (positively and negativity ) (remember to use real life examples to support your answers )

Looking at Yaya toures  interviews  is see he's not motivated by money  but instead by the pursuit of a
long term technical role at Manchester city.Due to this he is motivated to work harder at his team until his contract ends 

Post 4 personality

 Does your athlete have different personality and traits compared to a non-athlete?

Looking at Yaya Toure , I believe he doesn't have the same Personality and traits as a non athlete because he's hard working on the pitch as well as off the pitch. I know this because  a non athlete wouldn't be training  up to 5 times a week and be pushed to their limit physically and mentally.However a non athlete would mostly be working by sitting at a desk 6 times a week from 9 - 5 , this could change a type A personality ( Happy , confident , talkative individual ) to a type B (A Quite , relaxed , depressed individual) ) personality by applying the situational approach in your subconscious.The positive outcomes of my athlete is they are more likely to be healthy then a non athlete due to them in taking the daily and weekly amount of exercises a week a average individual should do.Yaya toure is more as  happy individual then a non athlete due to exercising produces endorphins which creates a positive Auro and thought patterns to put you in a good mood. However a lack of exercise  will note create as much endorphins  and most likely you would be depressed and have negative thought pattern ( Non Athlete )

Does your athlete have a different personality and display different personality traits compared to other athletes who play the same sport and if so how does this impact their sporting performance?

Looking at Yaya toure i believe his personality is very different from the other athletes in his sport.The reason to this is because Yaya has always been a type b athlete because he's more tolerant towards others on the pitch and off the pitch .When watching him  in a game situation he is very relaxed and reflective than a type A individual.This has a impact on the game because Due to Yaya having a lower level of anxiety , on the pitch he displays a higher level of imagination and creativity.

In contrast if your looking at a player like balotelli his attitude and personality compared to yaya toure is literally the opposite .By his actions you can tell balotelli has a type A personality. When under pressure he lacks patience and has a strong urge  for competition .Since he started playing football at a young age he always had a high desire to achieve goals.Not like yaya he has a lack of tolerance towards others and does experience higher levels of anxiety.This has a impact on his performance because if a decision doesn't go his way he will react o this and men under pressure . Due to him he lacking  patience and has a strong urge  for competition .Since he started playing football at a young age he always had a high desire to achieve goals. Yaya has a lack of tolerance towards others and does experience higher levels of anxiety.This has a impact on his performance because if a decision doesn't go his way he will react o this and may get sent off and get sent

Does your athlete have a different personality to other athletes who take part in team/individual sports (depending on your chosen athlete compare to the other type of sport), do they display different personality traits and does this impact their sports performance compared to the other athlete? 

I believe that my athlete has a different personality to solo athletes because the difference between team and individual sports is what motivates athletes. For example in solo activities, such as long-distance running, the athlete is responsible for their  training and strategy required to ensure his or her own success, whereas in a group sport like football, team members must work together toward victory. looking at the different athletes you can already tell a solo athlete has Intrinsic motivation who drives to do something for their  own sake, and a team athlete would be doing it for the end prizes by winning silverware.

Has their personality changed over time and why?

Looking at where Yaya has began his career  to where he is now he hasn't really changed his attitude , motivation and dedication but his technical ability and creativity on the pitch has improved dramatically , due to this he is the best African footballer in the world.according to the people who know him best, Yaya Toure always had the ability and ambition he needed to make his journey from a barefooted boy footballer to one of the best players in the world.  Yaya toure has been mentored for a very long time. The first is the former France international Jean-Marc Guillou , He moulded Toure as a player and a personality, and brought him to Europe from Ivory Coast. So i believe his personality has't changed because he's still a humble player on and off the pitch.

How has their personality changed over time and why?

Yaya toures  personality has only changed recently . This is because he has had the attention he wanted but then it became too much by the headlines in the newspapers and magazines . Due to this he's now  introvert rather than him being an extrovert, meaning he's a relaxed , calm individual  . Yaya has made the headlines many times some negative and some positive , Even though the news papers said untrue things on them he still stayed calm.

How does their personality positively influence their sporting performance?

Yaya toure has been playing professional football for a very long time now. Hes very mature and
understands how to act on and off the pitch.He knows how to take negative feedback from the coaches , team mates and the newspaper headlines .Yaya toure respects the fans at Manchester city so when he's having a poor game the fans support him and cheer him on to remind him why he's their and who's he their for.

 How does their personality negatively influence their sporting performance?

Personally i believe yay toure isn't a negative , aggressive individual  , he  got into a hassle with the opponent and got a red card last game againt Aston villa.  His attitude also can come across aggressive towards players and the referee. So Yaya  personality can sometimes cause him to get booked or even sent off.

Are there traits that your athlete displays that you would change and why?

I Personally wouldn't change my athletes traits because he is what he is , how he displays himself shows what position he is in now . His attitude is loved from many managers and players he's very respected in the footballing industry.Hs a global icon for young footballers in Africa.

Post 3 - personality types

Describe type A and Type B personalities are , whats the traits of each type are and another type of behavior they may exhibit.

Type A personality 
 Type A personality is a person who lacks patient who likes things straight away and not wait for it as swell as a competitive individual  who has a high desire to achieve and meet goals. They also are always in a rush and multi-task at the same time , due to this they have high levels of anxiety

Type B personality 
Type B personality is an individual who is very tolerant towards others and is very calm in fast paced situation.Not like type A the individual will have low anxiety throughout their life if maintained .A type B person tends to be very creative individual.

Explain which type you think your athlete is , what traits and behaviours they exhibit and why you think this is 

I believe my athlete who is Yaya Toure has a type B personality. I know this because when a challenge doesn't go his way he doesn't react and agrees with the referees decision .However if Yaya Toure had a Type A personality i believe he would react to the situation differently , the downfall to this will be Yaya getting booked or get sent off the pitch.

post 2 - Personality theories

Define personality

The defenition of personality is the a mixture of characteristics or key aspects of an individuals character

Trait theory 

A persons personality has two traits . Your either an introvert or and extrovert 

Introvert - you don't seek attention or any kind of excitment , you would prefer calm quite environments. Their.Their inner world is more interesting then whatever s going on around them 

Extrovert - This person would feel very bored quickly and loves being the centre of attention.They would find it hard to concentrate for long periods of time and need attention The trait theory is baseed on your characteristics reflecting you're behaviour .The trait theory believe and agree that personality reflects behaviour.

situational approach 

situational approach is someone personality and behaviour on the situation and environment they're in. For example how a person may act in school as a quite individual but they are a loud person outside school and at home 

social learning theory 

Social learning theory is a persons personality changing all the time due their environment and situation.For example a person may look up to a celebrity and take on their habits even if their bad or good.

- Attention - The model must win our attention and this is gained by gaining respect this includes status and performance 

- Motor reproduction - we have to use our memory to recall the skills and behaviour when needed.

-  Retention  to be able to retain the models skills and behaviour in our memory 

- Motivational response - unless we are motivated none of this matters 

Interactional response 

This is someone personality traits and the situational approach work together.For example a introvert is a quite calm down person  but if the situation changes so do they for example if a fight breaks out their attitude will change.

Which one of these apply to your athlete ?

I believe the trait theory  describes my athlete perfectly.This is because Yaya Toure is a hard working , quite humble player on the pitch and as a surprise he is hard working off the pitch as well 

Introduction

                                                                               Introduction 

Name of athlete :
Yaya toure 



What sport :
Football

Image of athlete :



what level they play their sport at  :
Professional 

What achievement have they got in their sport ? 

In yayas career so far he had been nominated for many awards and been successful in many 

- African Player of the year (2011,2012 , 2013 , 2014)

ESM Team Of The Year - 2013 -14

- PFA Premier League Team Of The Year (2011-12 , 2013-14)

- FA Community Shield Man Of The Match (2012)

- BBC African Football Of The Year (2013)

- Manchester City F.C Player of the year (2014)